![]() Upon his return to the States in the early 1980s, Jack briefly switched his attention and efforts from the relatively low-frequency data of sleep to the very high frequency radio frequency spectrum. In 1978, he collaborated with the late Jean-Michel Gaillard at the Medical School of Geneva, Switzerland. His first of three academic sabbaticals was spent in Cassis, France, collaborating with researchers at the University of Marseille in the development of sleep instrumentation. ![]() By the 1970s, his recording and analysis programs were using integrated circuits and 16 bit microprocessors. Jack immediately recognized that a major impediment to progress in sleep science was the lack of objective, fast, and reliable automated analyses of brain waves (EEG), eye movements (EOG), and muscle activity (EMG) collected during the typically lengthy (5–10 hours) nocturnal sleep recordings. In the 1960s-1970s, sleep recordings were comprised of nightly recordings of brain waves, eye movements, and chin muscle tone, recorded by large, heavy, unwieldy vacuum tube-driven “polysomnographs” that produced piles and pounds of pen and ink recordings to be scored by hand by trained technicians and subsequently stored in large rooms. Principal collaborators were Ismet Karacan and Wilse B. At the university, Jack turned his attention to biomedical engineering, collaborating with the Department of Psychiatry on a variety of research projects in which the core data were brain waves (electroencephalograms). He worked in the space and military industries before joining the University of Florida Electrical Engineering Department in 1964. His BS, MS, and PhD in Electrical Engineering were completed at the University of Southern California. Prior to enlisting in the Army in 1953, he attended Menlo College. Jack was born and raised in North Dakota and Minnesota, and moved to Los Angeles in his teens. In the past two decades, Jack's continuing innovations in D-PSG systems have been sine qua non for accelerated progress in sleep science and clinical work, without which the current sleep science and the clinical sleep endeavor would be embryonic in comparison. In the 1980s, his early work on D-PSG systems laid the groundwork for the emerging new field of D-PSG, onto which the world-wide sleep science and clinical endeavor happily piggy-backed. Jack was a pioneer and preeminent authority in the development of digital polysomnography (D-PSG) systems.
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